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The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for chewing and swallowing as part of the digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste buds housed in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva and is richly supplied ...
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. (Frenulum linguae is the topmost label at right.) The frenulum (or frenum) of the tongue, tongue web, lingual frenulum, frenulum linguae, or fraenulum[ 1] is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the human tongue .
Lingual papillae ( sg.: papilla) are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture. The four types of papillae on the human tongue have different structures and are accordingly classified as circumvallate (or vallate), fungiform, filiform, and foliate. All except the filiform papillae are ...
The lingual nerve supplies general somatic afferent (i.e. general sensory) innervation to the mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (i.e. body of tongue) (whereas the posterior one-third (i.e. root of tongue) is innervated via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) [citation needed]), the floor of the oral cavity, and the mandibular/inferior lingual gingiva.
Frenulum. Anatomy of the human mouth, including the frenulum of the tongue. A frenulum / ˈfrɛnjʊləm / or frenum / ˈfriːnəm / ( pl.: frenula or frena, from the Latin frēnulum, "little bridle", the diminutive of frēnum [1]) is a small fold of tissue that secures the motion of a mobile organ in the body .
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. [ a] CN XII is a nerve with a sole motor function.
The pharynx ( pl.: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.
Taste bud. Taste buds are clusters of taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells. [ 1] The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, the cheek, and epiglottis. These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of ...
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