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Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain 's occipital cortex. [ 1] Cortical blindness can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances. [ 2] Acquired cortical blindness is most often caused by loss of blood flow to the occipital cortex from ...
Achromatopsia. Achromatopsia, also known as Rod monochromacy, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to five conditions, most notably monochromacy. Historically, the name referred to monochromacy in general, but now typically refers only to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition.
Color blindness or color vision deficiency ( CVD) is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. [ 2] The severity of color blindness ranges from mostly unnoticeable to full absence of color perception. Color blindness is usually an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the three classes of cone ...
Nyctalopia ( / ˌnɪktəˈloʊpiə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ- (núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases. Night blindness may exist from birth, or ...
Prosopagnosia (from Greek prósōpon, meaning "face", and agnōsía, meaning "non-knowledge"), [2] also known as face blindness, [3] is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g. object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g ...
Visual impairment. Visual or vision impairment ( VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception. In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [ 6]
Cerebral achromatopsia. Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina. It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.
Dyslexia. Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability ('learning difficulty' in the UK [ 6]) that affects either reading or writing. [ 1][ 7] Different people are affected to different degrees. [ 3] Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head ...