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Chern–Simons form. In mathematics, the Chern–Simons forms are certain secondary characteristic classes. [ 1] The theory is named for Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, co-authors of a 1974 paper entitled "Characteristic Forms and Geometric Invariants," from which the theory arose. [ 2]
Galerkin method. In mathematics, in the area of numerical analysis, Galerkin methods are a family of methods for converting a continuous operator problem, such as a differential equation, commonly in a weak formulation, to a discrete problem by applying linear constraints determined by finite sets of basis functions.
One-form (differential geometry) In differential geometry, a one-form (or covector field) on a differentiable manifold is a differential form of degree one, that is, a smooth section of the cotangent bundle. [ 1] Equivalently, a one-form on a manifold is a smooth mapping of the total space of the tangent bundle of to whose restriction to each ...
Total Recall is a 1990 American science-fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven (pictured). Based on a 1966 short story by Philip K. Dick, the film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rachel Ticotin, Sharon Stone, Ronny Cox, and Michael Ironside. It tells the story of Douglas Quaid (Schwarzenegger) and the shadow organization that tries to ...
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Before PDF version 1.5, the table would always be in a special ASCII format, be marked with the xref keyword, and follow the main body composed of indirect objects. Version 1.5 introduced optional cross-reference streams, which have the form of a standard stream object, possibly with filters applied. Such a stream may be used instead of the ...
September 1994. First version for Windows 3.1. Windows, Mac, SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX, IRIX, AIX, OS/2. Acrobat Catalog, which creates searchable indexes for PDF files. Adobe also released the first Acrobat Plug-ins SDK; allowing third-party developers to create plug-in programs for the Acrobat Exchange application. 3.0.
July 22, 2024 at 10:13 PM The Swiss-American company now expects its full-year sales in the range of $4.34-$4.43 billion, up from a previous projection of $4.3-$4.4 billion.