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Embers are the enemy. While a wall of flame advancing on a house is a clear danger, embers are a common cause of ignition, especially in the face of a wildfire ember storm. "Embers can be the size ...
In the event of a fire this draws hot air up like a chimney, intensifies the fire, and spreads it to the top of the clad area. The fire can then get inside the building through open windows, for example to curtains blowing through windows. [1] In addition to the chimney effect, the cladding material itself can contribute to a fire.
Fire walls usually extend the full length of a building, from foundation to roof. [3] Fire barriers and fire partitions: They are similar to fire walls in operation; however, their height is limited to a single floor, from the slab of one floor to the underside of the next. [4] Coatings, e.g. to fireproof wood. [5] [6]
A shop under renovation, Hong Kong. The type of dust generated depends on the material being worked on. For example, in the above photo the dust does not seem to be solely wood dust, concrete dust, metal dust or paint dust. Adhesive; Asbestos; Asbestos#Substitutes for asbestos in construction; Cement; Concrete; Glass; Lead paint; Metals; Paint ...
If concrete is exposed to very high temperatures very rapidly, explosive spalling of the concrete can result. In a very hot, very quick fire the water inside the concrete will boil before it evaporates. The steam inside the concrete exerts expansive pressure and can initiate and forcibly expel a spall. [23]
German company Vosschemie produces a hull paint called Haifischhaut, which reduces the drag effect and allows ships to glide more easily through the water. Image credits: Nigel Mander #11 Robotic Arm
The use of fire sprinklers has been shown to mitigate this matter. As such, unless the building is sprinklered, fire may still travel up the curtain wall, if the glass on the exposed floor is shattered from heat, causing flames to lick up the outside of the building. Falling glass can endanger pedestrians, firefighters and firehoses below.
Rendered house in Greece Rendered house in France. Cement render or cement plaster is the application of a mortar mix of sand and cement, (optionally lime) and water to brick, concrete, stone, or mud brick. It is often textured, colored, or painted after application. It is generally used on exterior walls but can be used to feature an interior ...