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  2. E-values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-values

    A p-value that satisfies this guarantee is also called a post-hoc p-value. As ′ is a post-hoc p-value if and only if ′ = / for some e-value , it is possible to view this as an alternative definition of an e-value.

  3. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    In general, if X is a real-valued random variable defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, P), then the expected value of X, denoted by E[X], is defined as the Lebesgue integral [18] ⁡ [] =. Despite the newly abstract situation, this definition is extremely similar in nature to the very simplest definition of expected values, given above, as ...

  4. Notation in probability and statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_in_probability...

    The probability is sometimes written to distinguish it from other functions and measure P to avoid having to define "P is a probability" and () is short for ({: ()}), where is the event space, is a random variable that is a function of (i.e., it depends upon ), and is some outcome of interest within the domain specified by (say, a particular ...

  5. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    Usually only a single p-value relating to a hypothesis is observed, so the p-value is interpreted by a significance test, and no effort is made to estimate the distribution it was drawn from. When a collection of p -values are available (e.g. when considering a group of studies on the same subject), the distribution of p -values is sometimes ...

  6. AOL

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    The search engine that helps you find exactly what you're looking for. Find the most relevant information, video, images, and answers from all across the Web.

  7. One- and two-tailed tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-_and_two-tailed_tests

    p-value of chi-squared distribution for different number of degrees of freedom. The p-value was introduced by Karl Pearson [6] in the Pearson's chi-squared test, where he defined P (original notation) as the probability that the statistic would be at or above a given level. This is a one-tailed definition, and the chi-squared distribution is ...

  8. Statistical significance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance

    To determine whether a result is statistically significant, a researcher calculates a p-value, which is the probability of observing an effect of the same magnitude or more extreme given that the null hypothesis is true. [5] [12] The null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than (or equal to) a predetermined level, .

  9. Growth vs. value stocks: How to decide which is right for you

    www.aol.com/finance/growth-vs-value-stocks...

    Growth stocks vs. value stocks. There are many differences between growth and value stocks. Each of these asset types offers valuable benefits and drawbacks worth carefully considering. And ...