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Directed self-assembly (DSA) is a type of directed assembly which utilizes block co-polymer morphology to create lines, space and hole patterns, facilitating for a more accurate control of the feature shapes. Then it uses surface interactions as well as polymer thermodynamics to finalize the formation of the final pattern shapes. [1]
These kinetic effects, such as trapping in metastable states, slow coarsening kinetics, and pathway-dependent assembly, are often viewed as complications to be overcome in, for example, the formation of block copolymers. [12] [18] Amphiphile self-assembly is an essential bottom-up approach of fabricating advanced functional materials.
Much progress had been reported on the use of PMMA-PS block copolymers to define sub-20 nm patterns by means of self-assembly, guided by surface topography (graphoepitaxy) and/or surface chemical patterning (chemoepitaxy). [71] The key benefit is the relatively simple processing, compared to multiple exposures or multiple depositions and etching.
Self-assembly processes can also be observed in systems of macroscopic building blocks. These building blocks can be externally propelled [42] or self-propelled. [43] Since the 1950s, scientists have built self-assembly systems exhibiting centimeter-sized components ranging from passive mechanical parts to mobile robots. [44]
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Self-assembled monolayers can also be adsorbed from the vapor phase. [8] [24] In some cases when obtaining an ordered assembly is difficult or when different density phases need to be obtained substitutional self-assembly is used. Here one first forms the SAM of a given type of molecules, which give rise to ordered assembly and then a second ...
block copolymer: A copolymer that is a block polymer. In the constituent macromolecules of a block copolymer , adjacent blocks are constitutionally different, i.e. adjacent blocks comprise constitutional unit derived from different species of monomer or from the same species of monomer but with a different composition or sequence distribution ...