Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Iodination and bromination can be effected by the addition of iodine and bromine to alkenes. The reaction, which conveniently proceeds with the discharge of the color of I 2 and Br 2, is the basis of the analytical method. The iodine number and bromine number are measures of the degree of unsaturation for fats and other organic compounds.
Since phenols are acidic, they readily react with a strong base like sodium hydroxide to form phenoxide ions. The phenoxide ion will then substitute the –X group in the alkyl halide, forming an ether with an aryl group attached to it in a reaction with an S N 2 mechanism. C 6 H 5 OH + OH − → C 6 H 5 –O − + H 2 O C 6 H 5 –O − + R ...
The silver salt 1 reacts with bromine to form the acyl hypohalite intermediate 2. Formation of the diradical pair 3 allows for radical decarboxylation to form the diradical pair 4, which recombines to form the organic halide 5. The trend in the yield of the resulting halide is primary > secondary > tertiary. [2] [3]
The silver ion coordinates with the halide leaving group to make its departure more facile. Finally, phase transfer catalysts are sometimes used (e.g. tetrabutylammonium bromide or 18-crown-6) in order to increase the solubility of the alkoxide by offering a softer counter-ion.
For example, ethene + bromine → 1,2-dibromoethane: C 2 H 4 + Br 2 → BrCH 2 CH 2 Br. This takes the form of 3 main steps shown below; [3] Forming of a π-complex The electrophilic Br-Br molecule interacts with electron-rich alkene molecule to form a π-complex 1. Forming of a three-membered bromonium ion
An element in a free form has OS = 0. In a compound or ion, the sum of the oxidation states equals the total charge of the compound or ion. Fluorine in compounds has OS = −1; this extends to chlorine and bromine only when not bonded to a lighter halogen, oxygen or nitrogen. Group 1 and group 2 metals in compounds have OS = +1 and +2 ...
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br −) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table.Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. [3]
Bromine water, Br 2. Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [1] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compounds (carbon compounds with 1 or more double or triple bond(s)).