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In land navigation, azimuth is usually denoted alpha, α, and defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. [5] [6] Azimuth has also been more generally defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from any fixed reference plane or easily established base direction line. [7] [8] [9]
In a contemporary land navigation context, true, magnetic, and grid bearings are always measured in this way, with true north, magnetic north, or grid north being 0° in a 360-degree system. [5] In aircraft navigation, an angle is normally measured from the aircraft's track or heading, in a clockwise direction.
Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass, and other navigational tools. [1] It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg [ 2 ] across the Sahara and the Inuit [ 3 ] across the Arctic , who use subtle cues ...
Position resection and intersection are methods for determining an unknown geographic position (position finding) by measuring angles with respect to known positions.In resection, the one point with unknown coordinates is occupied and sightings are taken to the known points; in intersection, the two points with known coordinates are occupied and sightings are taken to the unknown point.
A modern military compass, with included sight device for aligning. A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north.
FM 100–5, Operations: 1 July 1976 [21] This manual supersedes FM 100–5, 6 September 1968, including all changes. Fred C. Weyand: INACTIVE: C1, FM 100–5: FM 100–5, Operations of Army Forces in The Field (with included Change No. 1) 17 December 1971 [22] This manual supersedes FM 100–5, 19 February 1962, including all changes. W. C ...
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The tasks taught are: mountain travel techniques, cold weather clothing, environmental injuries, soldier load management, characteristics of mountain terrain, basic mountaineering equipment, long range marksmanship in mountainous terrain, map reading in mountainous terrain, terrain exploitation, and land navigation. [5]