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The process capability index, or process capability ratio, is a statistical measure of process capability: the ability of an engineering process to produce an output within specification limits. [1] The concept of process capability only holds meaning for processes that are in a state of statistical control. This means it cannot account for ...
[3]: 43 Points outside of these control limits are signals indicating that the process is not operating as consistently as possible; that some assignable cause has resulted in a change in the process. Similarly, runs of points on one side of the average line should also be interpreted as a signal of some change in the process.
Therefore, the process capability involves only common cause variation and not special cause variation. A batch of data needs to be obtained from the measured output of the process. The more data that is included the more precise the result, however an estimate can be achieved with as few as 17 data points.
Control charts are graphical plots used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions. (ISO 7870-1) [1] The hourly status is arranged on the graph, and the occurrence of abnormalities is judged based on the presence of data that differs from the conventional trend or deviates from the control limit line.
As with the ¯ and s and individuals control charts, the ¯ chart is only valid if the within-sample variability is constant. [4] Thus, the R chart is examined before the x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} chart; if the R chart indicates the sample variability is in statistical control, then the x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} chart is examined to ...
Consider a quality characteristic with a target of 100.00 μm and upper and lower specification limits of 106.00 μm and 94.00 μm, respectively. If, after carefully monitoring the process for a while, it appears that the process is out of control and producing output unpredictably (as depicted in the run chart below), one can't meaningfully estimate its mean and standard deviation.
The control limits are set at three standard deviations on either side of the process mean, and are known as the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) respectively. [2] If the process data plotted on the control chart remains within the control limits over an extended period, then the process is said to be stable. [2] [3]
Closely related terms are the rejectable quality limit and rejectable quality level (RQL). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In a quality control procedure, a process is said to be at an acceptable quality level if the appropriate statistic used to construct a control chart does not fall outside the bounds of the acceptable quality limits.