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Population studies have consistently shown major depression to be about twice as common in women as in men, although it is not yet clear why this is so. [7] The relative increase in occurrence is related to pubertal development rather than chronological age, reaches adult ratios between the ages of 15 and 18, and appears associated with psychosocial more than hormonal factors.
After the British had re-established colonial rule in Singapore at the end of World War II, the first person appointed as a psychologist was V W Wilson. He was appointed to the colonial Medical Service on 11 September 1956 on contract from the United Kingdom to build up and incorporate a full psychological service within the mental health programme at Woodbridge. [3]
The average lifetime prevalence found was 6.7% for MDD (with a relatively low lifetime prevalence rate in higher-quality studies, compared to the rates typically highlighted of 5–12% for men and 10–25% for women), and rates of 3.6% for dysthymia and 0.8% for Bipolar 1. [18]
The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 10-12% in women and 5-6% in men. [43] Women are also four times more likely to develop chronic PTSD compared to men. [44] There are observed differences in the types of symptoms experienced by men and women. [43]
In 2021, the global rate of suicide deaths for men was 12.3 per 100,000, more than double the rate for women, which stood at 5.9 per 100,000 population. However, the sex disparity was uneven across regions, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from as low as 1.4 in the Southeast Asia Region to nearly 4.0 in the Region of the Americas. [10]
The source for the data below is the OECD Health Statistics 2018, released by the OECD in June 2018 and updated on 8 November 2018. [1]The unit of measurement used by the OECD is defined daily dose (DDD), defined as "the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used on its main indication in adults". [2]
Most depression symptoms are reported more frequently by females; such as sadness (reported by 85.1% of women and 54.3% of men) and crying (approximately 63.4% of women and 42.9% of men). Women have a higher probability to experience depression than men, with the prevalence of 19.2% and 13.5% respectively. [19]
Although there is an equal number of men and women diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, women have a slightly higher frequency of the disorder. [ 94 ] In 2011, mood disorders were the most common reason for hospitalization among children aged 1–17 years in the United States, with approximately 112,000 stays. [ 95 ]