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The term is usually restricted to Shigella infections. [2] Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella bacteria. [3] Three species are associated with bacillary dysentery: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae. [4] A study in China indicated that Shigella flexneri 2a was the most common serotype. [5]
Hektoen enteric agar (HEK, HE or HEA) is a selective and differential agar [1] primarily used to recover Salmonella and Shigella from patient specimens. HEA contains indicators of lactose fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production; as well as inhibitors to prevent the growth of Gram-positive bacteria .
TSI agar slant results: (from left) preinoculated (as control), P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test roughly named for its ability to test a microorganism's ability to ferment sugars and to produce hydrogen sulfide. [1]
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]
Seizures occur most often in children, although how Shigella causes this complication is unknown. Bloodstream infections may occur from Shigella. Rectal prolapse can occur while straining during bowel movements. Toxic megacolon paralyzes bowel movements or causes passing gas. Reactive arthritis, which is the inflammation of joints [13]
The agar itself will turn red due to the presence of Salmonella type colonies. Shigella species: red colonies. Coliforms: yellow to orange colonies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pink, flat, rough colonies. This type of colony can be easily mistaken for Salmonella due to the color similarities. XLD agar contains:
Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, rod shaped, and is genetically nested within Escherichia. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga , who discovered it in 1897.
Shigella infections may be contracted by a lack of monitoring of water and food quality, unsanitary cooking conditions and improper hygiene practices. [6] S. dysenteriae spreads through contaminated water and food, causes minor dysentery because of its Shiga toxin, but other species may also be dysentery agents. [7]