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1970: Nawal El Saadawi criticizes FGM in Al-Mar'a wa Al-Jins (Women and Sex). [A 12] 1972: Saadawi's The Naked Face of Women describes her own circumcision. [A 13] 1975: UN International Women's Year. American social scientist Rose Oldfield Hayes calls it "female genital mutilation" in paper on Sudan. [A 14]
There is no fixed age for circumcision in Islam, [2] [3] [4] [7] and the age when boys get circumcised, and the procedures used, tends to change across countries, cultures, families, and time. [3] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed on Muslim boys after they have learned to recite the whole Quran from start to finish. [6]
The age when boys get circumcised, and the procedures used, tend to change across cultures, families, and time. [75] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed after boys have learned to recite the Quran from start to finish. [76]
Islam introduced FGM into Indonesia and Malaysia from the 13th century on. [72] [73] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). [74] The practice is widespread among Muslim women in Indonesia. [75]
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice that occurs in several cultures and is practised in India by some Islamic groups. [1] The Dawoodi Bohra is one sect of Islam in India known for their practice of FGM, with other Bohra sects reported as partaking in practices of FGM as well.
It reported that 168,000 girls and women were at risk, with 48,000 under 18. [2] In 2004, the African Women's Health Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the PRC revamped these numbers with information from recent surveys and the 2000 U.S. census. [2] They reported 227,887 girls and women at risk in United States, with 62,519 under 18.
According to Asma El Dareer in Woman, Why Do You Weep? (1982), most FGM in Sudan at that time was carried out on girls aged 4–8 and sometimes as young as 7 days. [6] In the 2014 MICS, 66 percent of those cut said they had undergone the procedure at age 5–9; 14 percent at 10–14; 10 percent at 15 or older; and 9 percent at 4 or younger.
Map showing the % of women and girls aged 15–49 years (unless otherwise stated) who have undergone FGM/C according to the March 2020 Global Response report [1]. Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision, [2] is practiced in 30 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, [3] in ...