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Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Obstruction of an opening or duct, interfering with normal flow and disrupting the function of the organ in question; Predisposition to infection (often due to disruption of normal flow) A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones: [citation needed] Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Dent's disease (or Dent disease) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited condition that affects the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney.It is one cause of Fanconi syndrome, and is characterized by tubular proteinuria, excess calcium in the urine, formation of calcium kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney failure.
Nephrocalcinosis is closely associated with nephrolithiasis, and patients frequently present with both conditions, however there have been cases where one occurs without the other. [1] Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals form when the concentration of the reactants exceeds the limit of solubility of these compounds under the ...
The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral.Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic.
Among the symptoms associated with nephrolithiasis are intense colicky pain, nausea, fever, chills, and the reduction or blockage of urine flow. [3] Historically, the condition of having a kidney or bladder stone was referred to as "the stone" or "the gravel". In certain cases, kidney stone formation played a pivotal role in history.
Nephrolithiasis is the medical term employing kidney stone formation. The increased saturation of urine with calcium elevates the rate of stone formation within the kidneys, due to the excess calcium precipitating and forming crystals, which develop into larger stones over time. [ 23 ]
Renal colic, also known as ureteric colic, is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones. The most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract .