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Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. [5] However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. [6] The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.
A Hopfield network (or associative memory) is a form of recurrent neural network, or a spin glass system, that can serve as a content-addressable memory.The Hopfield network, named for John Hopfield, consists of a single layer of neurons, where each neuron is connected to every other neuron except itself.
Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoans.
In the original Hopfield model of associative memory, [6] the variables were binary, and the dynamics were described by a one-at-a-time update of the state of the neurons. An energy function quadratic in the was defined, and the dynamics consisted of changing the activity of each single neuron only if doing so would lower the total energy of ...
Conventionally, fixed points in this model represent encoded memories. These models have been used to explain associative memory, classification, and pattern completion. Hopfield nets contain an underlying energy function [4] that allow the network to asymptotically approach a stationary state. One class of point attractor network is ...
In the neocortex, projection neurons are excitatory neurons that send axons to distant brain targets. [2] Considering the six histologically distinct layers of the neocortex, associative projection neurons extend axons within one cortical hemisphere; commissural projection neurons extend axons across the midline to the contralateral hemisphere ...
Association fibers are axons (nerve fibers) that connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere. [1]In human neuroanatomy, axons within the brain, can be categorized on the basis of their course and connections as association fibers, projection fibers, and commissural fibers. [1]
Bidirectional associative memory (BAM) is a type of recurrent neural network. BAM was introduced by Bart Kosko in 1988. [1] There are two types of associative memory, auto-associative and hetero-associative. BAM is hetero-associative, meaning given a pattern it can return another pattern which is potentially of a different size.