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The equivalent circuit for Z-parameters of a two-port network. The equivalent circuit for Z-parameters of a reciprocal two-port network. The Z-parameter matrix for the two-port network is probably the most common. In this case the relationship between the port currents, port voltages and the Z-parameter matrix is given by:
A Y-parameter matrix describes the behaviour of any linear electrical network that can be regarded as a black box with a number of ports.A port in this context is a pair of electrical terminals carrying equal and opposite currents into and out of the network, and having a particular voltage between them.
The number of parameters is the number of degrees of freedom of the system. For example, the position of a point that moves on a curve in three-dimensional space is determined by the time needed to reach the point when starting from a fixed origin. If x, y, z are the coordinates of the point, the movement is thus described by a parametric ...
Let (x, y, z) be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and (ρ, θ, φ) the spherical coordinates, with θ the angle measured away from the +Z axis (as , see conventions in spherical coordinates). As φ has a range of 360° the same considerations as in polar (2 dimensional) coordinates apply whenever an arctangent of it is taken. θ has a range ...
In addition to S-parameters, other representations such as Y-parameters and Z-parameters can be recorded. It later became a de facto industry-standard file format not only for circuit simulators but also for measurement equipment (e.g. vector network analyzers , or VNAs), then later still an EIA standard as part of the Input/output Buffer ...
Convert from geodetic coordinates to geocentric coordinates: Calculation of x, y and z relative to the reference ellipsoid of surveying; 7-parameter transformation (where x, y and z almost always change by a few hundred metres at most, and distances by a few mm per km).
z-y′-x″ sequence (intrinsic rotations; N coincides with y’). The angle rotation sequence is ψ, θ, φ. Note that in this case ψ > 90° and θ is a negative angle. Similarly for Euler angles, we use the Tait Bryan angles (in terms of flight dynamics): Heading – : rotation about the Z-axis
The four parameters of classic DH convention are shown in red text, which are θ i, d i, a i, α i. With those four parameters, we can translate the coordinates from O i–1 X i–1 Y i–1 Z i–1 to O i X i Y i Z i. The following four transformation parameters are known as D–H parameters: [4] d: offset along previous z to the common normal