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The standard atmosphere was originally defined as the pressure exerted by a 760 mm column of mercury at 0 °C (32 °F) and standard gravity (g n = 9.806 65 m/s 2). [2] It was used as a reference condition for physical and chemical properties, and the definition of the centigrade temperature scale set 100 °C as the boiling point of water at this pressure.
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa), which is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars, [1] 760 mm Hg, 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi. [2] The atm unit is roughly equivalent to the mean sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth; that is, the Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level is ...
0 atm Surface of Mars, average 0.006 atm [2] Top of Mount Everest – 8,849 m (29,032 ft) 0.333 atm [3] Pressurized passenger aircraft cabin altitude 8,000 ft (2,400 m) 0.76 atm [4] Sea level atmospheric pressure: 1 atm Surface of Titan: 1.45 atm 10 m depth in seawater: 2 atm 20 m depth in seawater 3 atm Recreational diving depth limit (40 m ...
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published their "ICAO Standard Atmosphere" as Doc 7488-CD in 1993. It has the same model as the ISA, but extends the altitude coverage to 80 kilometers (262,500 feet). [7] The ICAO Standard Atmosphere, like the ISA, does not contain water vapor. Some of the values defined by ICAO are:
A centimetre of water [1] is a unit of pressure. It may be defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 cm in height at 4 °C (temperature of maximum density) at the standard acceleration of gravity, so that 1 cmH 2 O (4°C) = 999.9720 kg/m 3 × 9.80665 m/s 2 × 1 cm = 98.063754138 Pa ≈ 98.0638 Pa, but conventionally a nominal maximum water density of 1000 kg/m 3 is used, giving ...
Thus, 1 bar is equal to: 1,000,000 Ba (in cgs units); and 1 bar is approximately equal to: 0.98692327 atm; 14.503774 psi; 29.529983 inHg; 750.06158 mmHg; 750.06168 Torr; 1019.716 centimetres of water (cmH 2 O) (1 bar approximately corresponds to the gauge pressure of water at a depth of 10 meters). 1 millibar (mbar) is equal to:
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The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...