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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; Other names: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome visible on magnetic resonance imaging as multiple cortico-subcortical areas of T2-weighted hyperintense (white) signal involving the occipital and parietal lobes bilaterally and pons.
Radiation-induced lumbar plexopathy (RILP) or radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILSP) is nerve damage in the pelvis and lower spine area caused by therapeutic radiation treatments. RILP is a rare side effect of external beam radiation therapy [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and both interstitial and intracavity brachytherapy radiation implants.
These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted MRI images (typically created using 3D FLAIR) within cerebral white matter (white matter lesions, white matter hyperintensities or WMH) [1] [2] or subcortical gray matter (gray matter hyperintensities or GMH). The volume and frequency is strongly associated with increasing age. [2]
T 2 *-weighted GRE sequences can detect microhemorrhages as seen in most vestibular schwannomas, thereby differentiating them from meningiomas. [2] The T 2 *-weighted GRE sequence can detect a "middle cerebral artery susceptibility sign", which is a dark linear filling defect that is wider than the corresponding artery on the contralateral side ...
MRI findings, including pencillike hyperintensities on T2-weighted sagittal images and "owl's eyes" or "snake eyes" sign on T2 axial images, indicate the infarction is predominately in the watershed area of the gray matter of ventral horn (anterior spinal artery infarct). [10]
Devic's disease and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (sometimes previously called optic-spinal MS) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, possibly a variant of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
T2-weighted images also displaying cerebrospinal fluid and rarefied/cystic white matter. To view the remaining tissue, and get perspective on the damage done (also helpful in determining the rate of deterioration) (T1-weighted), proton density, and FLAIR images are ideal as they show radiating stripe patterns in the degenerating white matter.
Central pontine myelinolysis; Other names: Osmotic demyelination syndrome, central pontine demyelination: Axial fat-saturated T2-weighted image showing hyperintensity in the pons with sparing of the peripheral fibers, the patient was an alcoholic admitted with a serum Na of 101 treated with hypertonic saline, he was left with quadriparesis, dysarthria, and altered mental status