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The gradient thus does not vanish in arbitrarily deep networks. Feedforward networks with residual connections can be regarded as an ensemble of relatively shallow nets. In this perspective, they resolve the vanishing gradient problem by being equivalent to ensembles of many shallow networks, for which there is no vanishing gradient problem. [17]
Sepp Hochreiter discovered the vanishing gradient problem in 1991 [20] and argued that it explained why the then-prevalent forms of recurrent neural networks did not work for long sequences. He and Schmidhuber later designed the LSTM architecture to solve this problem, [ 4 ] [ 21 ] which has a "cell state" c t {\displaystyle c_{t}} that can ...
They were proposed to mitigate the vanishing gradient problem often encountered by regular RNNs. An LSTM unit contains three gates: An input gate, which controls the flow of new information into the memory cell; A forget gate, which controls how much information is retained from the previous time step
Using regularized weights over fewer parameters avoids the vanishing gradients and exploding gradients problems seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] To speed processing, standard convolutional layers can be replaced by depthwise separable convolutional layers, [ 23 ] which are based on a depthwise convolution ...
Long short-term memory (LSTM) [1] is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at mitigating the vanishing gradient problem [2] commonly encountered by traditional RNNs. Its relative insensitivity to gap length is its advantage over other RNNs, hidden Markov models , and other sequence learning methods.
Since Inception v1 is deep, it suffered from the vanishing gradient problem. The team solved it by using two "auxiliary classifiers", which are linear-softmax classifiers inserted at 1/3-deep and 2/3-deep within the network, and the loss function is a weighted sum of all three: L = 0.3 L a u x , 1 + 0.3 L a u x , 2 + L r e a l {\displaystyle L ...
This is a major step in fixing that problem." Huffman authorized Department of Justice law enforcement officials, including the U.S. Marshals, Drug Enforcement Administration, Bureau of Alcohol ...
This problem is also solved in the independently recurrent neural network (IndRNN) [87] by reducing the context of a neuron to its own past state and the cross-neuron information can then be explored in the following layers. Memories of different ranges including long-term memory can be learned without the gradient vanishing and exploding problem.