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MPEG-4 Part 3 (CELP as an MPEG-4 Audio Object Type) G.728 – Coding of speech at 16 kbit/s using low-delay code excited linear prediction; G.718 – uses CELP for the lower two layers for the band (50–6400 Hz) in a two-stage coding structure; G.729.1 – uses CELP coding for the lower band (50–4000 Hz) in a three-stage coding structure
To convolutionally encode data, start with k memory registers, each holding one input bit.Unless otherwise specified, all memory registers start with a value of 0. The encoder has n modulo-2 adders (a modulo 2 adder can be implemented with a single Boolean XOR gate, where the logic is: 0+0 = 0, 0+1 = 1, 1+0 = 1, 1+1 = 0), and n generator polynomials — one for each adder (see figure below).
A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal , which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion controller.
Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model. [1] [2] LPC is the most widely used method in speech coding and speech synthesis.
A maximum length sequence (MLS) is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence.. They are bit sequences generated using maximal linear-feedback shift registers and are so called because they are periodic and reproduce every binary sequence (except the zero vector) that can be represented by the shift registers (i.e., for length-m registers they produce a sequence of length 2 m − 1).
Golomb coding is a lossless data compression method using a family of data compression codes invented by Solomon W. Golomb in the 1960s. Alphabets following a geometric distribution will have a Golomb code as an optimal prefix code, [1] making Golomb coding highly suitable for situations in which the occurrence of small values in the input stream is significantly more likely than large values.
The Generalized Binary ICA framework [12] introduces a broader problem formulation which does not necessitate any knowledge on the generative model. In other words, this method attempts to decompose a source into its independent components (as much as possible, and without losing any information) with no prior assumption on the way it was ...
The codewords in a linear block code are blocks of symbols that are encoded using more symbols than the original value to be sent. [2] A linear code of length n transmits blocks containing n symbols. For example, the [7,4,3] Hamming code is a linear binary code which represents 4-bit messages using 7-bit codewords. Two distinct codewords differ ...