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Megaduodenum is a congenital or acquired dilation and elongation of the duodenum with hypertrophy of all layers that presents as a feeling of gastric fullness, abdominal pain, belching, heartburn, and nausea with vomiting sometimes of food eaten 24 hours prior.
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. [1] The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. [2]
Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This leads to hypertrophy of the colon. [ 2 ] The dilation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel.
CURB-65, also known as the CURB criteria, is a clinical prediction rule that has been validated for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia [1] and infection of any site. [2] The CURB-65 is based on the earlier CURB score [3] and is recommended by the British Thoracic Society for the assessment of severity of pneumonia. [4]
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they include Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Toxic megacolon in a patient with ulcerative colitis: The patient subsequently underwent a colectomy. A pathological specimen showing toxic megacolon. The pathological process involves inflammation and damage to the colonic wall with unknown toxins breaking down the protective mucosal barrier and exposing the muscularis propria. [4]
Pneumonia as seen on chest x-ray. A: Normal chest x-ray.B: Abnormal chest x-ray with shadowing from pneumonia in the right lung (left side of image).. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48–72 hours after being admitted.
It is not unusual for patients to present repeatedly and to undergo numerous tests. [4] Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction. Attempts must also be made to determine whether the IPO is the result of a primary or secondary condition. [15] A diagnostic work-up may include: [14]