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The technology chosen to heat-up a given equipment should account for the following features: 1. Thermal stability of the heat source 2. Thermal homogeneity within all the equipment 3. Safety of operation 4. Reproducibility. The most used method is based on the convective heat transfer.
The preload target can be achieved by a variety of methods: applying a measured torque to the bolt, measuring bolt extension, heating to expand the bolt then turning the nut down, torquing the bolt to the yield point, testing ultrasonically, or by applying a certain number of degrees of relative rotation of the threaded components. Each method ...
The trick couldn't be more simple: heat up your pan ahead of time. The Leidenfrost effect only works when the surface of the pan is higher than water's boiling point, so you want to turn your ...
The rate of heating when PWHT is performed is typically based on the component's thickness and is specified by the governing codes. [1] [6] If the rate of heating is not performed properly, either by heating too quickly or unevenly, temperature gradients within the component can become detrimental to the component. As a result, stress cracks ...
In short, oxy-fuel equipment is quite versatile, not only because it is preferred for some sorts of iron or steel welding but also because it lends itself to brazing, braze-welding, metal heating (for annealing or tempering, bending or forming), rust, or scale removal, the loosening of corroded nuts and bolts, and is a ubiquitous means of ...
The bolt is assembled through the center of the union, usually with face seals on either side of the union, to create a fluid path between the external ports on the union and bolt. A flexible hose or a rigid pipe may be connected to the union port. [1] The main advantage of the fitting is in high pressure applications (i.e. more than 50 bar).
Pigs are used in lube oil or paint blending to clean the pipes to avoid cross-contamination, and to empty the pipes into the product tanks (or sometimes to send a component back to its tank). Usually pigging is done at the beginning and at the end of each batch, but sometimes it is done in the midst of a batch, such as when producing a premix ...
Heat treating furnace at 1,800 °F (980 °C) Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as ...