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A scaled down version of this design, the Small Box Girder Bridge, was also formally adopted by the Army in 1932. This latter design was copied by many countries, including Germany, who called their version the Kastenträger-Gerät (K-Gerät for short). [2] The United States was another country whose army created their own copy, designating it ...
[1]: 149 At the time, reinforced concrete was commonly used in bridge design [2] but the superstructure was designed with bearings on the substructure. [1]: 149 In concrete rigid-frame design, there are no bearings. Instead the superstructure is cast monolithically with the substructure and the entire bridge from deck to footing is continuous.
By doubling the size of the arch, Paul Séjourné paved the way for the construction of large reinforced concrete arch bridges. The arrival of new construction techniques using steel, such as suspension bridges , prestressed concrete bridges , or cable-stayed bridges , abruptly marked the end of masonry bridge construction in the Western world.
A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse. [1]
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports.
The Frederick W. Panhorst Bridge, more commonly known as the Russian Gulch Bridge, is a reinforced concrete open-spandrel deck arch bridge on California State Highway 1, spanning Russian Gulch Creek in Russian Gulch State Park, Mendocino County, California, United States. It is named after Frederick W. Panhorst, who served as the Chief of the ...
A well-known example of this type is the Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia, which is based on the Hell Gate Bridge in New York City. [2] Other bridges include the Chaotianmen Bridge in China, the world's longest through arch bridge; [3] Tyne Bridge of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Bayonne Bridge that connects New York City to New Jersey, which is longer than the Sydney Harbour Bridge; the Ahwaz ...
Before construction began, the design was updated by integrating reinforced concrete using a modified Melan System of bridge reinforcement, which had been pioneered by its namesake Josef Melan in the 1890s. [1] [2] [3] Among the changes were the installation of struts underneath the arch, and a reduction in the mass of the arch and its ...