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Applying a CNOT gate by using gate teleportation. Uses Bell basis measurement (decomposed here into a CNOT, an H, and two measurements), Bell basis initialization (decomposed here into two resets, an H, and a CNOT), and classical feedback in the form of Pauli operations controlled by the measurement results.
The Fredkin gate (also CSWAP or CS gate), named after Edward Fredkin, is a 3-bit gate that performs a controlled swap. It is universal for classical computation. It has the useful property that the numbers of 0s and 1s are conserved throughout, which in the billiard ball model means the same number of balls are output as input.
The approach of topological qubits, which takes advantage of topological effects in quantum mechanics, has been proposed as needing many fewer or even a single physical qubit per logical qubit. [10]
The classical analog of the CNOT gate is a reversible XOR gate. How the CNOT gate can be used (with Hadamard gates) in a computation.. In computer science, the controlled NOT gate (also C-NOT or CNOT), controlled-X gate, controlled-bit-flip gate, Feynman gate or controlled Pauli-X is a quantum logic gate that is an essential component in the construction of a gate-based quantum computer.
For n = 3 the ternary median operator can be expressed using conjunction and disjunction as xy + yz + zx. For an arbitrary n there exists a monotone formula for majority of size O(n 5.3). This is proved using probabilistic method. Thus, this formula is non-constructive. [3] Approaches exist for an explicit formula for majority of polynomial size:
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