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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium, and one of over 40 species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. [1] It is part of the normal human microbiota , typically the skin microbiota , and less commonly the mucosal microbiota and also found in marine sponges.
S. epidermidis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immune-suppressed patients and those with central venous catheters. S. saprophyticus , another coagulase -negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora , is predominantly implicated in uncomplicated lower ...
Shunt nephritis is a rare condition affecting males and females of all ages. It occurs in approximately 0.7-2.3% of patients with shunt infections. Approximately 12% of ventriculoatrial shunts become infected, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the infectious agent in 75% of cases. [1]
Staphylococcus saprophyticus was not recognized as a cause of urinary tract infections until the early 1970s, more than 10 years after its original demonstration in urine specimens. Prior to this, the presence of coagulase -negative staphylococci (CoNS) in urine specimens was dismissed as contamination.
Staphylococcus aureus: Skin Staphylococcus epidermidis: Skin Sometimes, mostly not Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Skin Streptococcus viridans: Skin Trichophyton spp Skin Staphylococcus aureus: Hair follicles Corynebacterium spp: External ear Staphylococcus aureus: External ear Staphylococcus epidermidis: External ear Chlamydia trachomatis: Mucous ...
S. haemolyticus is the second-most clinically isolated CoNS (S. epidermidis is the first) and it is considered an important nosocomial pathogen. [20] Human infections include: native valve endocarditis, sepsis, peritonitis, and urinary tract, wound, bone, and joint infections.
Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination , frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [1]
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were thought from cultural based research to be dominant. However 16S ribosomal RNA research finds that while common, these species make up only 5% of skin bacteria. However, skin variety provides a rich and diverse habitat for bacteria.