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The cooling of data centers is the second largest power consumer after servers. The cooling energy varies from 10% of the total energy consumption in the most efficient data centers and goes up to 45% in standard air-cooled data centers.
Open-bath immersion cooling is a data center cooling technique that implies fully submerging IT equipment in dielectric liquid. The "open" aspect does not refer to an open or sealed system, but refers to the "open" liquid-air interface and thus surface tension between the liquid and the air is a distinctive element. [30]
[60] [61] Single and dual/two phase immersion/open tub cooling and single and dual phase direct-to-chip cooling [62] as well as immersion cooling confined to individual server blades [63] [64] have also been proposed for use in data centers. [65] [66] In-row cooling, [67] [68] [69] rack cooling, [70] [71] rear door heat exchangers, [72] racktop ...
A hospital in Sweden relies on snow-cooling from melt-water to cool its data centers, medical equipment, and maintain a comfortable ambient temperature. [44] Some nuclear reactors use heavy water as coolant. Heavy water is employed in nuclear reactors because it is a weaker neutron absorber. This allows for the use of less-enriched fuel.
As of the end of Q2 2015, Facebook's Prineville data center had a power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.078 and its Forest City data center had a PUE of 1.082. [15] In October 2015, Allied Control has a claimed PUE ratio of 1.02 [16] through the use of two-phase immersion cooling using 3M Novec 7100 fluid.
U.S. data-center power demand could nearly triple in the next three years, and consume as much as 12% of the country's electricity, as the industry undergoes an artificial-intelligence ...
Space cooling on one hand, and equipment cooling on the other, cannot be viewed as two isolated parts of the overall thermal challenge. The main purpose of an equipment facility's air-distribution system is to distribute conditioned air in such a way that the electronic equipment is cooled effectively.
A multiphase flow system is one characterized by the simultaneous presence of several phases, the two-phase system being the simplest case. The term ‘two-component’ is sometimes used to describe flows in which the phases consist of different chemical substances. For example, steam-water flows are two-phase, while air-water flows are two ...