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A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
Consider a set of data points, (,), (,), …, (,), and a curve (model function) ^ = (,), that in addition to the variable also depends on parameters, = (,, …,), with . It is desired to find the vector of parameters such that the curve fits best the given data in the least squares sense, that is, the sum of squares = = is minimized, where the residuals (in-sample prediction errors) r i are ...
In chemistry, the iodine value (IV; also iodine absorption value, iodine number or iodine index) is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats , oils and waxes .
The dew point of a given body of air is the temperature to which it must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. This temperature depends on the pressure and water content of the air.
In many countries like in Germany, the unemployment rate is based on the number of people who are registered as unemployed. [43] Other countries like the United States use a labour force survey to calculate the unemployment rate. [44] [45] The ILO describes four different methods to calculate the unemployment rate: [46]
Pennsylvania (/ ˌ p ɛ n s ɪ l ˈ v eɪ n i ə / ⓘ PEN-sil-VAY-nee-ə, lit. ' Penn's forest country '), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania [b] (Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsilfaani), [7] is a U.S. state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.
The gravitational constant G is a key quantity in Newton's law of universal gravitation.. The gravitational constant is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Vineland is a city and the most populous municipality in Cumberland County, within the U.S. state of New Jersey. Bridgeton and Vineland are the two principal cities of the Vineland-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and which constitutes a part of the Delaware Valley (the Philadelphia metropolitan area ...