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The Zygnematophyceae, formerly known as the Conjugatophyceae, generally possess two fairly elaborate chloroplasts in each cell, rather than many discoid ones. They reproduce asexually by the development of a septum between the two cell-halves or semi-cells (in unicellular forms, each daughter-cell develops the other semi-cell afresh) and sexually by conjugation, or the fusion of the entire ...
The Viridiplantae diverged into two clades. The Chlorophyta include the early diverging prasinophyte lineages and the core Chlorophyta, which contain the majority of described species of green algae. The Streptophyta include charophytes and land plants. Below is a consensus reconstruction of green algal relationships, mainly based on molecular ...
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the paraphylum streptophyte algae, also referred to as Charophyta, [2] consisting of more than 4000 described species. [3] The Zygnematophyceae are the sister clade of the Embryophyta (land plants). [4] [5] [6]
The modern usage of the name 'Chlorophyta' was established in 2004, when phycologists Lewis & McCourt firmly separated the chlorophytes from the streptophytes on the basis of molecular phylogenetics. All green algae that were more closely related to land plants than to chlorophytes were grouped as a paraphyletic division Charophyta. [46]
Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the Charophyta, and land plants are grouped together as the Viridiplantae. Excavata and Rhizaria: Chlorarachniophytes; Euglenids; Green algae
The plant body is a gametophyte.It consists of the main axis (differentiated into nodes and internodes), dimorphic branches (long branch of unlimited growth and short branches of limited growth), rhizoids (multicellular with oblique septa) and stipulodes (needle-shaped structures at the base of secondary laterals).
Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. [1] Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, [2] commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts".
Systematically they fall within the division Charophyta/Streptophyta, in which the land plants (Embryophyta) emerged. [3] Sexual reproduction in Zygnematales takes place through a process called conjugation. [4] Here filaments of opposite gender line up, and tubes form between corresponding cells.