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Cramer's rule is used in the Ricci calculus in various calculations involving the Christoffel symbols of the first and second kind. [14] In particular, Cramer's rule can be used to prove that the divergence operator on a Riemannian manifold is invariant with respect to change of coordinates. We give a direct proof, suppressing the role of the ...
Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations, with each variable given by a quotient of two determinants. [9]
Cramer's rule is a closed-form expression, in terms of determinants, of the solution of a system of n linear equations in n unknowns. Cramer's rule is useful for reasoning about the solution, but, except for n = 2 or 3, it is rarely used for computing a solution, since Gaussian elimination is a faster algorithm.
In mathematics, a unimodular matrix M is a square integer matrix having determinant +1 or −1. Equivalently, it is an integer matrix that is invertible over the integers: there is an integer matrix N that is its inverse (these are equivalent under Cramer's rule).
The total derivatives are found by totally differentiating the system of equations, dividing through by, say dr, treating dq / dr and dp / dr as the unknowns, setting dI = dw = 0, and solving the two totally differentiated equations simultaneously, typically by using Cramer's rule.
In this case, the solution is given by Cramer's rule: = () =,,, …, where is the matrix formed by replacing the -th column of by the column vector . This follows immediately by column expansion of the determinant, i.e.
The Cramér–Rao bound is stated in this section for several increasingly general cases, beginning with the case in which the parameter is a scalar and its estimator is unbiased.
The number of distinct terms (including those with a zero coefficient) in an n-th degree equation in two variables is (n + 1)(n + 2) / 2.This is because the n-th degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n + 1 in total; the (n − 1) degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n in total; and so on through the first degree terms and , numbering 2 in total, and the single zero degree term (the constant).