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To describe the flow of geophysical fluids, equations are needed for conservation of momentum (or Newton's second law) and conservation of energy.The former leads to the Navier–Stokes equations which cannot be solved analytically (yet).
However the exam papers of the GCSE sometimes had a choice of questions, designed for the more able and the less able candidates. When introduced the GCSEs were graded from A to G, with a C being set as roughly equivalent to an O-Level Grade C or a CSE Grade 1 and thus achievable by roughly the top 25% of each cohort.
The Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level (formally also known as the University of Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level ; informally also known as International (GCE) A-Level(s), Cambridge (GCE) A-Level(s) or Cambridge International (GCE) AS and A Level) [1] [2] is an international school-leaving qualification for ...
Two geostationary satellites in the same orbit A 5° × 6° view of a part of the geostationary belt, showing several geostationary satellites. Those with inclination 0° form a diagonal belt across the image; a few objects with small inclinations to the Equator are visible above this line.
In the given forms of the formulae below, one or more values must be expressed in the specified units to obtain the correct result. Where geographic coordinates are used as the argument of a trigonometric function, the values may be expressed in any angular units compatible with the method used to determine the value of the trigonometric function.
The undulation of the geoid N is closely related to the disturbing potential T according to Bruns' formula (named after Heinrich Bruns): N = T / γ , {\displaystyle N=T/\gamma \,,} where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the force of normal gravity , computed from the normal field potential U {\displaystyle U} .
Apparent polar wander (APW) is the perceived movement of the Earth's paleomagnetic poles relative to a continent while regarding the continent being studied as fixed in position. [1]
One may also consider playing either Geography game on an undirected graph (that is, the edges can be traversed in both directions). Fraenkel, Scheinerman, and Ullman [3] show that undirected vertex geography can be solved in polynomial time, whereas undirected edge geography is PSPACE-complete, even for planar graphs with maximum degree 3. If ...