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For example, in horses, the eyes are caudal to the nose and rostral to the back of the head. These terms are generally preferred in veterinary medicine and not used as often in human medicine. [22] [23] [24] In humans, "cranial" and "cephalic" are used to refer to the skull, with "cranial" being used more commonly. The term "rostral" is rarely ...
The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg regions.
Rostral and caudal, which describe structures close to (rostral) or farther from (caudal) the nose. For example, the eyes are rostral to the back of the skull, and the tailbone is caudal to the chest. Cranial and caudal, which describe structures close to the top of the skull (cranial), and towards the bottom of the body (caudal).
Caudal (anatomical term) (from Latin cauda; tail), used to describe how close something is to the trailing end of an organism; Caudal artery, the portion of the dorsal aorta of a vertebrate that passes into the tail; Caudal cell mass, the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the caudal end on the spine; Caudal fin, the tail fin of a fish
The cranial pair (i.e. closer to the head) of limbs are known as the forelimbs or front legs, and the caudal pair (i.e. closer to the tail or coccyx) are the hindlimbs or back legs. In animals with a more erect bipedal posture (mainly hominid primates, particularly humans), the forelimbs and hindlimbs are often called upper and lower limbs ...
Rostral and caudal: rostral refers in general anatomy to the front of the body (towards the nose, or rostrum in Latin), and caudal refers to the tail end of the body (towards the tail; cauda in Latin). The rostrocaudal dimension of the brain corresponds to its length axis, which runs across the cited flexures from the caudal tip of the spinal ...
"Caudal" means "towards the tail (Latin cauda"), but not "towards the back of the cranial cavity", which is "posterior" (behind, in ordinary motion). The rostro-caudal axis of the human central nervous system (magenta in the diagram) makes a near 90° bend at the level of the midbrain and continues through the brain-stem and spinal cord.
The cephalic flexure, also known as the mesencephalic flexure, is the first flexure or bend, that forms in the region of midbrain. [2] The caudal part of the midbrain and the rostral part of the hindbrain makes up a mibrain-hindbrain boundary region known as the isthmic organizer . [ 3 ]