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According to Lang, civil disobedience need not be nonviolent, although the extent and intensity of the violence is limited by the non-revolutionary intentions of the persons engaging in civil disobedience. [68] Lang argues the violent resistance by citizens being forcibly relocated to detentions, short of the use of lethal violence against ...
There have been debates as to whether civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes nonviolence in its definition of civil disobedience. Christian Bay's encyclopedia article states that civil disobedience requires "carefully chosen and legitimate means", but holds that they do not have to be non-violent. [34]
Among the several civil disobedience that took place along the history of modern Egypt (most of which aren't widely known), the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 is considered to be one of the earliest successful implementations of non-violent civil disobedience world-wide.
Nonviolent Revolutions came to the international forefront in the 20th century by the independence movement of India under the leadership of Gandhi with civil disobedience being the tool of nonviolent resistance. An important non-violent revolution was in Sudan in October 1964 which overthrew a military dictatorship.
In 1935 he wrote: "... I found that even civil disobedience failed to convey the full meaning of the struggle. I therefore adopted the phrase civil resistance." [47] It is a near-synonym for nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, people power and satyagraha.
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Civil disobedience and non-cooperation as practised under satyagraha are based on the "law of suffering", [22] a doctrine that the endurance of suffering is a means to an end. This end usually implies a moral uplift or progress of an individual or society.
Faculty leaders say activism is in the college’s DNA, noting that students and professors have practiced nonviolent civil disobedience for more than half a century — from the Vietnam War in ...