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"AIRCRAFT NATIONALITY MARKS, NATIONAL EMBLEMS AND COMMON MARKS" (PDF). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2023-06-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-22. ICAO (2012). Annex 7, Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks (PDF) (6 ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization. p. 15. ISBN 9789292490119.
Aircraft recognition generally depends on learning the external appearance of the aircraft, both friendly and hostile, most likely to be encountered. Techniques used to teach this information have included scale models, printed silhouette charts, slide projectors, computer aided instruction and even specially-printed playing cards.
USAAF unit identification aircraft markings, commonly called "tail markings" after their most frequent location, were numbers, letters, geometric symbols, and colors painted onto the tails (vertical stabilizer fins, rudders and horizontal surfaces), wings, or fuselages of the aircraft of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during the ...
Austrian Airlines: Red-white-red tailfin with chevron (symbolizing an airplane taking off) with drop shadow added. The recent revision of the logo removed the shadow. Azul Brazilian Airlines: White aircraft with navy blue belly and tail. Several green and yellow stripes (resembling the colors of the Brazilian flag) are painted on the fuselage ...
Spray-painting a historic de Havilland Dragon Rapide in the colors of Iberia (2010). An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators (airlines, governments, air forces and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft.
The U.S. Navy introduced the identification system of tail and wing letter codes for its aircraft in July 1945. This system was intended to replace the set of geometrical symbols employed for the similar purpose since January 1945. When introduced, tail codes were only given to aircraft carriers.
A modex is a number that is part of the Aircraft Visual Identification System, along with the aircraft's tail code. It usually consists of two or three numbers that the Department of the Navy, U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps use on aircraft to identify a squadron's mission and a specific aircraft within a squadron.
Of all the early operators of military aircraft, Germany was unusual in not using circular roundels. After evaluating several possible markings, including a black, red, and white checkerboard, a similarly coloured roundel, and black stripes, it chose a black 'iron cross' on a square white field, as it was already in use on various flags, and reflected Germany's heritage as the Holy Roman Empire.