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Guajataca State Forest is located in the middle of the karst landscape country, particularly the Northern Karst zone of Puerto Rico. A karst is a topographical zone formed by the dissolution of soluble porous rocks, in this case limestone, with features such as mogotes, canyons, caves, sinkholes, streams and rivers, all of which are common on this region of the island.
The Ponce Limestone is a geologic formation in Puerto Rico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period [ 3 ] (20.45 million years ago ( Mya ). Description
Puerto Rican moist forests are home to a variety of endemic animal species such as the critically endangered Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata) and coquís (Eleutherodactylus spp.). Limestone forests are rich in land snail diversity, with many species restricted to small areas.
Boquerón State Forest is one of the oldest forests in the Puerto Rico state forest system. It was proclaimed and designated a forest preserve in 1918 by Puerto Rico governor Arthur Yager with the purpose of preserving the mangrove biomes in Cabo Rojo and Lajas. Two additional segments, the Guayacán and Cuevas Keys, were added in 1943.
There are three kinds of geological units in the forest: alluvial fan deposits composed of red-colored sandy and silty clay, watered limestone composed of calcarenite and chalky limestone rock which is very common in the Northern Karst of Puerto Rico, and the unit representative of the fossil-rich Cibao Formation composed of chalk, soft limestone rock, and sandy clay.
The forest location makes its environment unique in Puerto Rico for its humid climate, its serpentinite soils and its high rate of animal and plant endemicity. [2] The forest is located on the western region of the Cordillera Central of Puerto Rico and encompasses 10,803 acres (43.72 km 2) of land in a high rainfall area through the municipalities of San Germán, Sabana Grande and Maricao.
Approximately half of Puerto Rico's birds and nine of sixteen the endemic bird species occur in the Guánica State Forest. In addition to the Puerto Rican crested toad, other protected animal species in the forest include the Puerto Rican vireo (Vireo latimeri), the Puerto Rican nightjar (Antrostomus noctitherus), the red land crab (Gecarcinus ...
Vega State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Vega) is a state forest of Puerto Rico located in the municipalities of Vega Alta and Vega Baja.The subtropical moist forest is located in the northern coast of Puerto Rico in the middle of the karst zone known as the Carso Norteño (Northern karst), and it contains features typical of such geography such as sinkholes, caves and mogotes.