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Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
These reforms may have resulted in the adverse effects of having a widening inequity between the rich and the poor which subsequently may cause social and political instability, discrimination in access to areas such as public health, education, pensions and unequal opportunities for the Chinese people. The inequality in income in China can ...
In real life, people in leadership positions are often given more privileges and conveniences. If privileges are given to the upper class, it will benefit their subordinates or other people in society. So this kind of inequality is recognized and encouraged in China's traditional ideological system. [7] This inequality makes China's economy ...
In a landmark paper published in the Review of Development Economics, economists Ravi Kanbur and Xiaobo Zhang conclude that there have been three peaks of inequality in China in the last fifty years, "coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s."
Spatial mismatch is the mismatch between where low-income households reside and suitable job opportunities. In its original formulation (see below) and in subsequent research, it has mostly been understood as a phenomenon affecting African-Americans, as a result of residential segregation , economic restructuring , and the suburbanization of ...
China's fight against data-driven inequality could also hamper prosperity. Web 3.0 is one solution but will the Communist party embrace it? China’s Digital Inequality Dilemma: Open-Source ...
Historically, the Chinese economy was characterized by widespread poverty, extreme income inequalities, and endemic insecurity of livelihood. [1] Improvements since then saw the average national life expectancy rise from around forty-four years in 1949 to sixty-eight years in 1985, while the Chinese population estimated to be living in absolute poverty fell from between 200 and 590 million in ...
Media outlets often label under-occupied development areas in China as "ghost cities" or "ghost towns". [9] [10] However, the two terms are technically misnomers since these terms describe places that previously had economic activity but have since become defunct and abandoned, while many under-occupied developments in China are new installations that have yet to receive residential occupation.
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