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Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Market income – mainly wages – has been the driving factor in shaping urban income inequality since the economic reforms in China while the widening rural-urban income gap is due to low salaries for employees and migrants in many companies coupled with rapidly growing profits for the management of State-owned enterprises, real estate ...
Traditional political ideology promotes merit-based inequality. Official propaganda emphasizes that economic development requires some people to get rich first, and the resulting inequality is the price this society pays for development. [6] China's traditional political consciousness promotes inequality based on performance.
In a landmark paper published in the Review of Development Economics, economists Ravi Kanbur and Xiaobo Zhang conclude that there have been three peaks of inequality in China in the last fifty years, "coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s."
For example, the party built most of the industrial plants, under the Soviet help, in inland areas instead of coastal areas, and the former treaty ports were not prioritized in the First five-year plan. [101] Such efforts to level spatial inequality continued during the Great Leap Forward, but the regional inequality persisted.
China's fight against data-driven inequality could also hamper prosperity. Web 3.0 is one solution but will the Communist party embrace it? China’s Digital Inequality Dilemma: Open-Source ...
Spatial mismatch is the mismatch between where low-income households reside and suitable job opportunities. In its original formulation (see below) and in subsequent research, it has mostly been understood as a phenomenon affecting African-Americans, as a result of residential segregation , economic restructuring , and the suburbanization of ...
[25]: 132–133 It received support from China's Ministry of Commerce and the Export-Import Bank of China. [25]: 132 As of March 2020, the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone had 174 factories employing more than 30,000 people. [25]: 133 The RIP is China's largest industrial cluster and manufacturing export area in Thailand.