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The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles, which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones. The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and sinuses.
Cranial kinesis is the term for significant movement of skull bones relative to each other in addition to movement at the joint between the upper and lower jaws. It is usually taken to mean relative movement between the upper jaw and the braincase. [1] Most vertebrates have some form of a kinetic skull. [1]
1 occipital bone; 2 parietal bones; 1 sphenoid bone; 2 temporal bones; The ossicles (three on each side) are usually not included as bones of the neurocranium. [6] There may variably also be extra sutural bones present. Below the neurocranium is a complex of openings and bones, including the foramen magnum which houses
The occipital bone found in the rear of the skull is thicker to limit fractures caused by blows to the back of the head. The eight bones are blended together to form the cranial cavity. The pituitary gland is also found in the make up of the cranial cavity. It plays a major role in the body, creating and secreting many bodily hormones.
The jaw joint consisted of the articular bone in the lower jaw and the quadrate in the upper jaw. The early pelycosaurs (late Carboniferous and early Permian) likely did not have tympanic membranes (external eardrums). Additionally, their massive stapes bones supported the braincase, with the lower ends resting on the quadrates.
Among others, most bones forming the outer surface of the skull and lower jaws are dermal bones. In contrast, endochondral bone is formed from a cartilaginous precursor, which ossifies (turn into bone). [1] braincase The braincase is the part of the skull housing the brain.
Archaeologists have unravelled the mystery of a strange skeleton from Belgium consisting of bones from five people who lived 2,500 years apart.. The skeleton, unearthed in the 1970s at a Roman ...
Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two temporal fenestrae of diapsid reptiles. [ 8 ] The petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, which derive from the periotic bone , formed from the fusion of a number of bones surrounding the ...