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The name "Olmec" means "rubber people" in Nahuatl, the language of the Nahuas, and was the Aztec term for the people who lived in the Gulf Lowlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, some 2,000 years after the Olmec culture died out.
The rulers seem to have been the most important religious figures, with their links to the Olmec deities or supernaturals providing legitimacy for their rule. [2] [a] There is also considerable evidence for shamans in the Olmec archaeological record, particularly in the so-called "transformation figures". [3] Figure from Las Limas monument 1.
A talisman related to Tezcatlipoca was a disc worn as a chest pectoral, called the anahuatl. [3] This talisman was carved out of abalone shell and depicted on the chest of both Huitzilopochtli and Tezcatlipoca in codex illustrations. [4] [5] The origins of Tezcatlipoca can be traced to earlier Mesoamerican deities worshipped by the Olmec and Maya.
The Olmec civilization ended in 400 BC, with the defacing and destruction of San Lorenzo and La Venta, two of the major cities. It nevertheless spawned many other states, most notably the Mayan civilization, whose first cities began appearing around 700–600 BC. Olmec influences continued to appear in many later Mesoamerican civilizations.
The World Ocean. For example, the Law of the Sea states that all of the World Ocean is "sea", [8] [9] [10] [b] and this is also common usage for "the sea". Any large body of water with "Sea" in the name, including lakes. River – a narrow strip of water that flows over land from a higher elevation to a lower one
Between 1600 and 1500 BCE, the Olmec civilization had begun, with the consolidation of power at their capital, a site today known as San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán near the coast in southeast Veracruz. [50] The Olmec influence extended across Mexico, into Central America, and along the Gulf of Mexico. They transformed many peoples' thinking toward a ...
A series of Olmec-style basreliefs from Chalcatzingo in the state of Morelos portrays crocodilians breathing rain clouds from their upturned mouths. Portable green stone Olmec sculptures depict crocodilians in similar positions, indicating that they are probably also breathing. [4] In the Maya tzolk'in, the day Cipactli corresponds to Imix.
The Norte Chico civilization in Peru dating back to about 3500 BCE is the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the first six independent civilizations in the world; it was contemporaneous with the Egyptian pyramids. It predated the Mesoamerican Olmec by nearly two millennia. [1] [2]