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Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with, the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. [1] [2] The initial damage is usually due to over-stretching the tissues in tension or shear, either directly by an expansion of the gas in the closed space or by pressure difference hydrostatically transmitted through the ...
Most injuries are caused by inexperience using high-pressure equipment, improper use, inadequate training, negligence, exhaustion at the end of the shift, or equipment rupture. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Paints, paint solvents, grease, and fuel oils (diesel, paraffin, and gasoline) are the substances that are injected the most frequently, but reports of ...
Subcutaneous emphysema of the chest wall is commonly among the first indications that barotrauma, damage caused by excessive pressure, has occurred; [1] [18] it suggests that the lung was subjected to significant barotrauma. [19] Thus the phenomenon may occur in diving injuries. [5] [20]
Pressure ulcers can trigger other ailments, cause considerable suffering, and can be expensive to treat. Some complications include autonomic dysreflexia, bladder distension, bone infection, pyarthrosis, sepsis, amyloidosis, anemia, urethral fistula, gangrene and very rarely malignant transformation (Marjolin's ulcer – secondary carcinomas in chronic wounds).
The pain can ultimately become disabling unless the ambient pressure is reversed. The pressure difference causes the mucosal lining of the sinuses to become swollen and submucosal bleeding follows with further difficulties ventilating the sinus, especially if the orifices are involved. Ultimately fluid or blood will fill the space.
Pressure in the middle ear should match the ambient pressure for normal functioning of hearing. Under-pressure equalisation is normally through periodic opening of the Eustachian tubes during swallowing and yawning, and over-pressure usually vents passively through the collapsed soft part of the tube, as the inner end of the tube is normally ...
Support surface is any material, such as a mattress, that supports people who are bed-ridden through illness. [1] Research and development of appropriate support surfaces can alleviate some of the complications of immobility, such as bedsores and respiratory problems.
The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk, is a tool that was developed in 1987 by Barbara Braden and Nancy Bergstrom. [1] The purpose of the scale is to help health professionals, especially nurses, assess a patient's risk of developing a pressure ulcer .