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The youth pledge text. The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda, lit. ' Youth Oath '), officially titled as Decision of the Congress of Indonesian Youth (van Ophuijsen spelling Indonesian: Poetoesan Congres Pemoeda-pemoeda Indonesia) is the pledge made by young Indonesians since 28 October 1928, which defined the identity of Indonesians.
An oath book (also spelled oathbook or oath-book) is a book upon which an oath is sworn, typically in oaths of office and in courts of law to provide sworn testimony. Rooted in Germanic pagan and Jewish custom, the practice of swearing upon books is performed across various religions and countries.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on fa.wikipedia.org قانون اساسی اندونزی; Usage on fr.wikipedia.org Constitution de l'Indonésie
Henry Kissinger places his hand on a Hebrew Bible as he takes the oath of office as Secretary of State, 1973. Traditionally, an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āþ, also a plight) is a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation ...
Subsequent thereto, to form a government of the state of Indonesia which protect all the people of Indonesia and all the independence and the land that has been struggled for, and to improve public welfare, to educate the life of the nation and to participate toward the establishment of a world order based on freedom, perpetual peace and social ...
During the 2009–10 English football season, Notts County F.C. competed in Football League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system.Shortly before the season began, Notts County was subject to a high-profile takeover by Munto Finance, which was controlled by a convicted fraudster.
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
During the Liberal democracy period in Indonesia and Guided Democracy that followed it under Sukarno, the common phrase used in speech and formal meetings was "Merdeka", the Indonesian and Malay word for independence or freedom, or variations of it such as "Salam Merdeka ". [3] [4] Sukarno often used this phrase during his speeches and orations ...