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A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones: [citation needed] Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) Can cause hydronephrosis (swollen kidneys) and kidney failure; Can predispose to pyelonephritis (kidney infections) Can progress to urolithiasis; Urolithiasis (urinary bladder stones) Can progress to bladder outlet obstruction
Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Nephrolithiasis is the medical term employing kidney stone formation. The increased saturation of urine with calcium elevates the rate of stone formation within the kidneys, due to the excess calcium precipitating and forming crystals, which develop into larger stones over time. [ 23 ]
Additionally, hypercalciuria can contribute to kidney stone formation which may present with flank or back pain that comes and goes. It can be painful to pass kidney stones and in extreme cases cause kidney damage. [2] [3] Patients that both form kidney stones and have hypercalciuria are at increased risk for bone loss leading to osteoporosis. [4]
Kidney failure is defined by functional impairment of the kidney, whereas the kidneys are functioning at 15% or less than normal capability. [1] It is divided into acute kidney failure (cases that develop rapidly) and chronic kidney failure (those that are long term). [4]
The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral.Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic.
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Create account; Log in; ... nephrocalcinosis and kidney stones (type 1 and 2), milder phenotype with normocalciuria ... additional terms may apply.