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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
The Twelve Caesars was considered very significant in antiquity and remains a primary source on Roman history. The book discusses the significant and critical period of the Principate from the end of the Republic to the reign of Domitian ; comparisons are often made with Tacitus , whose surviving works document a similar period.
Julius Caesar dictator perpetuo 100–44 BC: Julia Minor died 51 BC: Marcus Atius Balbus 105–51 BC: Atia 85–43 BC: Gaius Octavius c. 100–59 BC: Augustus 63 BC–14 AD [1] r. 27 BC – 14 AD: Livia Drusilla 59 BC–29 AD: Tiberius Claudius Nero c. 80–33 BC [2] Octavia Minor c. 66–11 BC: Mark Antony triumvir 83–30 BC: Marcus Vipsanius ...
Drawing of Aelian made in 1610 Marcus Actorius Naso - writer who possibly wrote a lost biography of Julius Caesar. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] Postumus Aebutius Helva Cornicen - consul [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ]
It is named after Caesar, who, according to Suetonius, used it with a shift of three (A becoming D when encrypting, and D becoming A when decrypting) to protect messages of military significance. [66] [67] Caesar (title) — It is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. [68]
Several countries use Caesar as the origin of their word for "emperor", like Kaiser in Germany and Tsar in Bulgaria and Russia. After the Constantinian dynasty, emperors followed Imperator Caesar with Flavius, which also began as a family name but was later incorporated into the emperor's titles, thus becoming Imperator Caesar Flavius. [117]
Caesar (Latin: [ˈkae̯.sar] English pl. Caesars; Latin pl. Caesares; in Greek: Καῖσαρ Kaîsar) is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. The change from being a surname to a title used by the Roman emperors can be traced to AD 68, following the fall of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.