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Although the period from 1837 to 1864 in the US is often referred to as the Free Banking Era, the term is a misnomer in terms of the definition of "free banking" above. Free Banking in the United States before the Civil War refers to various state banking systems based on what were called "free banking" laws at the time. These laws made it ...
Online banking, also known as internet banking, virtual banking, web banking or home banking, is a system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website or mobile app. Since the early 2000s this has become the most common way that customers ...
Title 12 of the United States Code outlines the role of Banks and Banking in the United States Code. [1] Chapter 1: The Comptroller of the Currency; Chapter 2: National Banks; Chapter 3: Federal Reserve System; Chapter 4: Taxation; Chapter 5: Crimes And Offenses; Chapter 6: Foreign Banking; Chapter 6a: Export-Import Bank of the United States
For example, a national bank generally must limit its total outstanding loans and credits to any single borrower to no more than 15% of the bank's total capital and surplus. [15] [full citation needed] Some state banking regulations also contain similar lending limits applicable to state-chartered banks. [16]
Another relevant example for the interconnectedness is that the law of financial industries or financial law focuses on the financial (banking), capital, and insurance markets. [6] Supporters of such regulation often base their arguments on the "too big to fail" notion.
For example, the United States Code omitted 12 U.S.C. § 92 for decades, apparently because it was thought to have been repealed. In its 1993 ruling in U.S. National Bank of Oregon v. Independent Insurance Agents of America, the Supreme Court ruled that § 92 was still valid law. [14]
The regulation of banking privacy is typically undertaken by a sector-by-sector basis. [5] The most prominent federal law governing banking privacy in the U.S. is the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB). [5] This regulates the disclosure, collection, and use of non-public information by banking institutions. [5]
Direct banks are not the same as "online banking". Online banking is an Internet-based option offered by regular banks. In the United States, direct banks are defined as online/branchless institutions with federal banking charters, with either the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or the Federal Deposit ...