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The word demokratia comes from δῆμος dêmos "people" and κράτος krátos "power": "the people hold power." Demos, including the lower classes, had political equality and not while respecting laws and institutions, was given full and absolute control of power and government." [2]
The term democracy first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought in the city-state of Athens during classical antiquity. [43] [44] The word comes from dêmos '(common) people' and krátos 'force/might'. [45] Under Cleisthenes, what is generally held as the first example of a type of democracy in 508–507 BC was ...
Socialism was the word predominantly used by Marxists up until World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution, at which time Vladimir Lenin made the conscious decision to replace the term socialism with communism, renaming the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party to the All-Russian Communist Party. [124] [120]
Communism derives from the French word communisme, a combination of the Latin word communis (which literally means common) and the suffix ‑isme (an act, practice, or process of doing something). [ 70 ] [ 71 ] Semantically, communis can be translated to "of or for the community", while isme is a suffix that indicates the abstraction into a ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production For other uses, see Socialism (disambiguation). Part of a series on Socialism History Outline Development French Revolution Revolutions of 1848 Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics Ideas Calculation in kind ...
A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
While the term libertarian had been substantially synonymous with anarchism and seen by many as part of the left, [15] [85] continuing today as part of the libertarian left in opposition to the moderate left such as social democracy or authoritarian and statist socialism, its meaning has evolved during the past half century, with broader ...
In the early 1920s, the guild socialism of G. D. H. Cole attempted to envision a socialist alternative to Soviet-style authoritarianism, while council communism articulated democratic socialist positions in several respects, notably through renouncing the vanguard role of the revolutionary party and holding that the system of the Soviet Union ...