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Starting with the 2016 MacBook Pro, all new Macs were shipped without a startup chime, with the Macs silently booting when powered on. [7] The startup chime would later be added to these models (and all subsequent models since) with the release of macOS Big Sur in 2020, which can be enabled or disabled in System Preferences. [19]
A modern PC with a bus rate of around 1 GHz and a 32-bit bus might be 2000x or even 5000x faster, but might have many more gigabytes of memory. With boot times more of a concern now than in the 1980s, the 30- to 60-second memory test adds undesirable delay for a benefit of confidence that is not perceived to be worth that cost by most users.
Mac OS X Tiger through Mac OS X Snow Leopard support PAE and the NX bit on IA-32 processors; Snow Leopard was the last version to support IA-32 processors. On x86-64 processors, all versions of macOS use 4-level paging (IA-32e paging rather than PAE) to address memory above 4GB. Mac Pro and Xserve systems can use up to 64 GB of RAM. [23]
The BIOS uses the boot devices set in Nonvolatile BIOS memory , or, in the earliest PCs, DIP switches. The BIOS checks each device in order to see if it is bootable by attempting to load the first sector (boot sector). If the sector cannot be read, the BIOS proceeds to the next device.
Typically, the system firmware (UEFI or BIOS) will allow the user to configure a boot order. If the boot order is set to "first, the DVD drive; second, the hard disk drive", then the firmware will try to boot from the DVD drive, and if this fails (e.g. because there is no DVD in the drive), it will try to boot from the local hard disk drive.
In computing, serial presence detect (SPD) is a standardized way to automatically access information about a memory module.Earlier 72-pin SIMMs included five pins that provided five bits of parallel presence detect (PPD) data, but the 168-pin DIMM standard changed to a serial presence detect to encode more information.
The boot ROM of NXP systems on a chip (SOCs) support configuring the peripherals through specific pins of the system on a chip. On the i.MX6 family it also supports configuring the boot order through efuses. The boot ROM of several NXP SoCs have many ways to load the first stage bootloader (from eMMC, microSD, USB, etc.).
The reset vector for MIPS32 processors is at virtual address 0xBFC00000, [11] which is located in the last 4 Mbytes of the KSEG1 non-cacheable region of memory. [12] The core enters kernel mode both at reset and when an exception is recognized, hence able to map the virtual address to physical address.
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