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[1]: 1 The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, [2] and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt. [1]: 1 It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements. Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry , and can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between ...
Some [who?] may use the terms biogeochemical cycle and geochemical cycle interchangeably because both cycles deal with Earth's reservoirs.However, a biogeochemical cycle refers to the chemical interactions in surface reservoirs such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere [citation needed] whereas a geochemical cycle refers to the chemical interactions that exist in crustal ...
Biogeochemistry research groups exist in many universities around the world. Since this is a highly interdisciplinary field, these are situated within a wide range of host disciplines including: atmospheric sciences, biology, ecology, geomicrobiology, environmental chemistry, geology, oceanography and soil science.
Geochemical modeling is used in a variety of fields, including environmental protection and remediation, [1] the petroleum industry, and economic geology. [2] Models can be constructed, for example, to understand the composition of natural waters; the mobility and breakdown of contaminants in flowing groundwater or surface water; the ion speciation of plant nutrients in soil and of regulated ...
Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages. [4] By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of ...
Petrology (from Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros) 'rock' and -λογία 'study of') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. [1] Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. [2]
Much research is grounded in the search for fundamental understanding, but geobiology can also be applied, as in the case of microbes that clean up oil spills. [ 3 ] Geobiology employs molecular biology , environmental microbiology , organic geochemistry , and the geologic record to investigate the evolutionary interconnectedness of life and Earth.