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Single-wire earth return (SWER) or single-wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line which supplies single-phase electric power from an electrical grid to remote areas at lowest cost. The earth (or sometimes a body of water) is used as the return path for the current, to avoid the need for a second wire (or neutral wire ) to act as a ...
Earth-return telegraph is the system whereby the return path for the electric current of a telegraph circuit is provided by connection to the earth through an earth electrode. Using earth return saves a great deal of money on installation costs since it halves the amount of wire that is required, with a corresponding saving on the labour ...
A transmission line is drawn as two black wires. At a distance x into the line, there is current I(x) travelling through each wire, and there is a voltage difference V(x) between the wires. If the current and voltage come from a single wave (with no reflection), then V(x) / I(x) = Z 0, where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the line.
Earth return or ground return is an electric circuit using the earth for one conductor. It may refer to: Earth-return telegraph; Single-wire earth return, an electric power distribution system; Simplex signaling, an earth return signalling system used in telephony
Long-distance electromagnetic telegraph systems from 1820 onwards [a] used two or more wires to carry the signal and return currents. It was discovered by German scientist C.A. von Steinheil in 1836–1837, that the ground could be used as the return path to complete the circuit, making the return wire unnecessary. [2]
Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon used an Air Force One plane known as SAM 970. The first jet-powered presidential aircraft featured an office and a safe for the nuclear codes.
Where an electric power distribution grid can be set up single wire earth return is often used. The following technologies are used extensively: [9] Photovoltaics; Wind mechanical water pumps; Small wind electric; Diesel solar hybrid power systems: especially for telecommunications worldwide. Fully commercial and the preferred option for remote ...
It boasted a 155cc air-cooled engine and a top speed of 20 mph. This scooter was well ahead of its time and included some neat design features that wouldn't look out of place on a similar modern ...