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Anhydrous lanthanum(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route. [3] [4] [5] In the first step, lanthanum oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride: La 2 O 3 + 10 NH 4 Cl → 2 (NH 4) 2 LaCl 5 + 6 H 2 O + 6 NH 3
The anhydrous halides are produced by direct reaction of their elements, as heating the hydrates causes hydrolysis: for example, heating hydrated LaCl 3 produces LaOCl. [38] Lanthanum reacts exothermically with hydrogen to produce the dihydride LaH 2, a black, pyrophoric, brittle, conducting compound with the calcium fluoride structure. [39]
Iron(III) oxide – Fe 2 O 3; Lanthanum(III) oxide – La 2 O 3; Lead(II) oxide – PbO; Lead dioxide – PbO 2; Lithium oxide – Li 2 O; Magnesium oxide – MgO; Potassium oxide – K 2 O; Rubidium oxide – Rb 2 O; Sodium oxide – Na 2 O; Strontium oxide – SrO; Tellurium dioxide – TeO 2; Uranium(IV) oxide – UO 2
The reaction of an intimate mixture of lanthanide oxides with excess ammonium chloride produces anhydrous ammonium salts of the penta- and hexachlorides. Typical reaction conditions are hours at 230-250 °C. [4] Some lanthanides (as well as scandium and yttrium) form pentachlorides: M 2 O 3 + 10 NH 4 Cl → 2 (NH 4) 2 MCl 5 + 3 H 2 O + 6 NH 3
L. Lanthanide trichloride; Lanthanum acetate; Lanthanum acetylacetonate; Lanthanum aluminate; Lanthanum barium copper oxide; Lanthanum carbide; Lanthanum carbonate
Neodymium(III) oxalate is a rose-coloured crystal which decomposes from its decahydrate to its anhydrous form when heated, and when heated further, decomposes to Nd 2 O 2 C 2 O 4, [12] and then finally obtaining neodymium(III) oxide. [13] Neodymium(III) carbonate is the carbonate of
Lanthanide metals react exothermically with hydrogen to form LnH 2, dihydrides. [1] With the exception of Eu and Yb, which resemble the Ba and Ca hydrides (non-conducting, transparent salt-like compounds),they form black pyrophoric, conducting compounds [6] where the metal sub-lattice is face centred cubic and the H atoms occupy tetrahedral sites. [1]
Lanthanum(III) oxide, also known as lanthana, chemical formula La 2 O 3, is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen. It is used in some ferroelectric materials, as a component of optical materials, and is a feedstock for certain catalysts, among other uses.