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Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
Viking 1 orbiter, likely to be in orbit as of 2019. [9] Mariner 9 was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when the spacecraft was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. [10] Mars Global Surveyor is predicted to orbit until 2046 (50 years after insertion). [11]
Sisterships Mariner 3 and Mariner 4 were Mars flyby missions. [18] Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. [1] Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first ...
Mariner 9: USA 14 November 1971 Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022 [14] First spacecraft to orbit another planet First Mars orbiter Mars 2 orbiter USSR 27 November 1971 [15] Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars Mars 3 ...
The Federal government of the United States has placed in heliocentric orbit: Pioneer 4 – Moon (1959) Ranger 3 – Moon (1961) Ranger 5 – Moon (1963) Mariner 2 – Venus (1962) Mariner 3 – Intended for Mars, communication lost when launch shroud failed to separate (1964) Mariner 4 – Mars (1964–1967) Mariner 5 – Venus (1967)
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Each orbiter, based on the earlier Mariner 9 spacecraft, was an octagon approximately 2.5 m (8.2 ft) across. The fully fueled orbiter-lander pair had a mass of 3,527 kg (7,776 lb). After separation and landing, the lander had a mass of about 600 kg (1,300 lb) and the orbiter 900 kg (2,000 lb).
Mariner 9 imaging revealed the first direct evidence of water in the form of river beds, canyons (including the Valles Marineris, a system of canyons over about 4,020 kilometres (2,500 mi) long), evidence of water erosion and deposition, weather fronts, fogs, and more. [1] The findings from the Mariner 9 missions underpinned the later Viking ...