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Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
Viking 1 orbiter, likely to be in orbit as of 2019. [9] Mariner 9 was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when the spacecraft was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. [10] Mars Global Surveyor is predicted to orbit until 2046 (50 years after insertion). [11]
Sisterships Mariner 3 and Mariner 4 were Mars flyby missions. [18] Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. [1] Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first ...
The first artificial satellite to orbit another planet — the U.S. probe Mariner 9 — entered areocentric orbit on 13 November 1971. [1] Within a month, Mariner 9 was joined in orbit by two Soviet orbiters: Mars 2 (27 November 1971) and Mars 3 (2 December 1971). [2]
[8] [9] Mariner 9 Orbiter: Mars 30 May 1971 14 November 1971 entered orbit: 169 days (5 mo, 16 d) Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. It remained active until 27 October 1972. [10] Venera 8 lander Venus 27 March 1972 22 July 1972 landed: 118 days (3 m, 26 d) Venera 8 returned signals from the surface of Venus for 50 ...
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Based on the observations that Mariner 6 made, Mariner 7 was reprogrammed in flight to take further observations of areas of interest and actually returned more pictures than Mariner 6, despite the battery's failure. [9] Closest approach for Mariner 6 occurred July 31, 1969, at 05:19:07 UT at a distance of 3,431 kilometers (2,132 mi) [2] above ...
Following the failure of the Delta rocket carrying Echo 1 on May 13, 1960, Echo 1A was put successfully into orbit by another Thor-Delta, [8] [9] and the first microwave transmission was received on August 12, 1960. Echo 2 was a 41.1-meter (135 ft) diameter metalized PET film balloon, which was the last balloon satellite launched by Project ...
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