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The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.
In 2003, the Kefaya ("Egyptian Movement for Change"), was launched to oppose the Mubarak regime and to establish democratic reforms and greater civil liberties. Celebrations in Tahrir Square after Omar Suleiman's statement announcing Hosni Mubarak's resignation. On 25 January 2011, widespread protests began against Mubarak's government.
Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom. Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed. Farmers made up the bulk of the population, but agricultural produce was owned directly by the state, temple, or noble family that owned the land. [77]
Before that year, each Egyptian region had its own army to protect it, but after the Egyptian War of Unification, Egypt had a unified army under the command of the King of Egypt.The Egyptian army was the strongest army in the world, and thanks to it, the Egyptians created the first empire in the world, which was the Egyptian Empire. [8] [9]
The New Kingdom, also called the Egyptian Empire, refers to ancient Egypt between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC. This period of ancient Egyptian history covers the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasties. Through radiocarbon dating, the establishment of the New Kingdom has been placed between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. [3]
'Whatever Happened to the Egyptians: changes in Egyptian society from 1950 to the present, AUC Press, 2000; Whatever Else Happened to the Egyptians: from the revolution to the age of globalization, AUC Press, 2004; The Illusion of Progress in the Arab world: A Critique of Western Misconstructions, 2005. Translated by David Wilmsen.
The Egyptians personified the inundation with the creation of the god called Hapi. Despite the fact that inundation was crucial to their survival, Hapi was not considered to be a major god. [16] He was depicted as an overweight figure who ironically made offerings of water and other products of abundance to pharaohs. [13]
In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".